Parshwanath Vidyapeeth
Prakrit Course
Prakrit refers to a group of Middle Indo-Aryan languages spoken roughly between 500 B.C. and 500 A.D. The term prākṛta means “derived,” in contrast to saṃskṛta (Sanskrit), meaning “refined” or “perfected,” reflecting Prakrit’s lower social prestige compared to Sanskrit.The earliest evidence of Prakrit appears in Emperor Ashoka’s inscriptions (3rd century B.C.) and in early Pāli texts of Theravāda Buddhism. One of the most important Prakrits is Ardhamāgadhī, associated with Magadha (modern Bihar) and used in early Jain scriptures, as Mahāvīra, the founder of Jainism, lived in this region.Other major Prakrits include Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Māgadhī, Avantī, and Gāndhārī, which were used in drama, poetry, and Buddhist literature. The later stage of Middle Indo-Aryan is represented by Apabhraṃśa, used as a literary language from about the 8th century A.D.Although some Prakrits became classical literary languages, they originated as spoken dialects. These vernacular forms later evolved into the modern Indo-Aryan languages spoken across South Asia today.
There is enormous literature in Prakrit, majority of the Prakrit works still remains inaccessible to the scholars of Jainology as well as to those working in other disciplines because of non-availability of Prakrit texts with their translations in other languages. For comparative study of Indian tradition, history, culture, literature, language, poetics etc. knowledge of Prakrit is essential. Therefore a concerted effort to provide knowledge of Prakrit language is the need of the hour.
The Prakrit grammar here implies the rules of Mahârâshtri dialect, supposed to be the standard form of Prakrit. Other dialects are studied in the light of variations, which they have from Maharashtri. The syllabus is designed to give the knowledge of alphabets- vowels and consonants, genders, cases, rules of Prakrit on conjugation (sandhi), compound (samasa), change of gender etc.The phonetic changes — vowels, single consonants, conjuncts– , elision of vowels, augmentation of nasal, declension of nouns, pronouns, numerals, modes, tenses, Prakrit substitutes for Sanskrit roots, taddhita, krit affixes, indeclinable particles, etc. Besides there will be special lectures on origin of Prakrit, its main dialects and their main characteristics.
For the rules of Prakrit grammar the 8th Chapter of Siddhahema shabdanushasanaof Acharya Hemachandra will be the base text.
ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION
MA/Acharya in Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, Linguistics, Philosophy, History, Hindi (with Sanskrit in BA/Shastri). However, candidates with Ph.D., teaching and working in Jaina studies will be given preference.
Procedure of Selection of Participants:
a. Applications will be invited through circulars to universities, colleges and research institutes.
b. Admission Committee will scrutinize the application forms received and sort out applicants for admission.
Number of Participants: 40
Schedule of Lectures: Five lectures per day during 9.30 AM to 5:15 PM
Method of Teaching of Texts:
a. Sanskrit Rendering of Prakrit words occurred in the examples.
b. Grammatical analysis of each word with rules (sutras) of Hemachandra Grammar. Method is to explain each step citing rules (sutras) through which Prakrit words are derived from its Sanskrit equivalent.
c. Hindi Meaning of Prakrit words. Method of Evaluation: Maximum Marks 200 (100 marks written examination, 100 marks + viva-voIce).
ELIGIBILITY FOR CERTIFICATE
Certificates will be awarded to the participants on completion of the course and having passed all the oral and written tests.
Passing out the final Test along with 80% attendance is essential. Certificate of Merit: First three participants securing highest marks will be awarded Certificate of Merit.
Study Material:
a. For general grammar a booklet of Prakrit grammar will be provided.
b. Participants will be advised to possess a copy of the Text with Hindi
translation of Hemachandra grammar.
General Instructions:
(a) Medium of instructions will be Hindi. The classes will be running on
offline mode.
(b) Photocopies of all Certificates/Degrees should be enclosed with the application form.
(c) No participant will remain absent from his/her daily lectures, and weekly tests or final test etc. and must obtain a minimum of 45% marks in aggregate.
ORGANIZATION OF WORKSHOP
Organization of the Workshop under Inspiration of Rashtrasant Param Pujya Namramuni ji, MS Shri Prashamarati Vijayaji , MS Patron in Chief Sh. Dhanpat Raj Bhansali Patrons Sh. Kunwar V. Singh, Sh. Indrabhooti Barar, Sh. Sudev Barar, Sh. Satish C. Jain, Sh. R.C.Jain, Dr. S. P. Pandey.
Director of the Workshop
Prof. Vijay Shankar Shukla
Co-ordinator of the Workshop
Dr. Om Prakash Singh
Organizing Committee
Dr. Prashant Mandal, Dr. Uttam Bera, Dr. Pravin Yadav,
Contact:
Prof. Vijay Shankar Shukla Finance & Adirector ShhieRojeksiomar Chaube
Dr. O. P. Singh Coordinator of the Workshop Parshwanath
Vidyapeeth, I.T.I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi Mob. +9868114985, 9450546617
E-mail: pvpvaranasi@gmail.com
SYLLABUS OF WORKSHOP
Prakrit Grammar, 8th Chapter of Siddhahemashabdanushasana of Ach. Hema- chandra. The Prakrit grammar here implies the rules of Mahârâshtri dialect, supposed to be the standard form of Prakrit. Other dialects are Studied in the light of variations, which they have from Maharashtri. The syllabus is designed to give the knowledge of alphabets- vowels and consonants, genders, cases, rules of Prakrit on conjugation (sandhi), compound (samasa), change of gender etc. The phonetic changes-vowels, single consonants, conjuncts-, elision of vowels, augmentation of nasal, declension of nouns, pronouns, numerals, modes, tenses, Prakrit
substitutes for Sanskrit roots, taddhita, krit affixes, indeclinable particles,
etc. Besides there will be special lectures on origin of Prakrit, its main
dialects and their main characteristics. For the rules of Prakrit grammar the 8th Chapter of
Siddhahemashabdanushasana of Achary a Hemachandra will be the base text. Eligibility for admission: MA/Acharya in Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, Linguistics, Philosophy, History, Hindi (with Sanskrit
in BA/Shastri). However, candidates with Ph.D., teaching and working in Jaina studies will be given preference.
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